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(No Model.) v 2 Sheets-'Sheet 1.

J. KIRKALDY CONDENSER AND HEATER.

Patented Feb.3,1885.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. KIRKALDY.

CONDENSER AND HEATER.

No 311,839. Patented Feb. 3, 1885.

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circles one within the other.

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JOHN KIRKALDY, or POPLAR, COUNTY or MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND.

CONDENSER AND HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,839, dated February 3, 1885.

Application filed May 19., 1884. (N0 model.) Patented in England May 3, 1834, No. 7,200,- in France May S, 1884, No. 161,087, and in Belgium May 9, 1884, No. 65,118.

To ctZZ whom it may concern.-

Be itknown that I, JOHN KIRKALDY, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at 40 West India Dock Road, Poplar, in the county of Middlesex, England, engineer, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Surface Condensers and Heaters, (for which I have secured Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 7,200, dated May 3, 1884; in France, No. 161,987, dated May 8, 1884, and in Belgium, No. 65,118, dated May 9, 1884,) of which the following is a specification.

In the specification of aformer patent granted to me in England, No. 1,816, in the year 1888, I described a surface-condenser in which helical worms were placed parallel with one another within a metal casing, steam was ad mitted to one end of each coil, and the other end of each coil opened into a chamber from which the condensed water could be pumped 0r drawn oft. Cold water was admitted to the bottom of the outer metal casing and passed off from the top.

The object of my present invention is to increase the efficiency and working capacity of condensers of this kind,or of similarlyformed heaters.

According to my present invention I make each tube, as before, in the form of a helical coil. I place the several helical coils side by side and close together, so that the coils of one tube may pass into the spaces between the coils of the adjacent tubes. Preferably, I range them in this way in a circle and surround them with a circular casing. I also make them of alternately right and left handed worms,so that they may the better fit the one into the other. The condensers may either be made with a single circle of such adj acenthclical worms, or they may be made with two or more At the upper end of each helical coil the tube of which it is formed is bent upward and passed through a tube-plate, two nuts are screwed onto the end of each tube, one to bear against the inside of the tube-plate, the other to bear against its outside; or, in place of the nut on the inside, the tube might have brazed onto its end a short length of tube screwed externally, and

formed with a collar at its inner end. In a similar manner the lower end of each tube is passed through and secured to a tube-plate. The top tube-plate passes across the top of the cylindrical casing which surrounds the assemblage of helical coils. The bottom tube-plate passes across the bottom of this casing. Above the top tube-plate is a chamber to which the steam to be condensed is conducted by a suitable pipe; and below the bottom tube-plate is a chamber into which water produced by the condensation of steam flows from the worms, and, if the condenser is being used as the condenser of a steam-engine, is removed from this chamber by pumping. WVater is introduced into the lower part of the casing through a pipe which rises up through the center of the bottom tubeplate, and is allowed to pass off from the upper part of the casing through an overflow-pipe. In some cases in place of water being used for cooling the tubes, they might be cooled by exposure to the atmos phere or to a forced current of cold air. As a heater the construction is the same, but the water or other fluid to be heated would be admitted to the tubes and steam to the casing.

In the drawings hereunto annexed I have shown two examples of surface condensers constructed as above described. I11 the condenser shown at Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4Lthere is a single circle of spiral worms, with a single spiral worm in the center. In the condenser shown at Figs. 5 and 6 there are three concentric circles of spiral worms.

Fig. 1 is a vertical elevation, with onehalf in section, of the outer casing of the condenser. Fig. 2 is a vertical elevation of the condenser with the outer casing in section. Fig. 8 is a plan View, and Fig. 4 a plan view with the top cover and tube-plate removed.

In these figures, A is the outer casing, with a steam-chamber, B, at the top, 'and chamber 0, for condensed water, at the bottom.

D are the spiral worms passing at their upper ends through the top tube-plate, E, and at their lower ends through the bottom tube-plate, F. It will be seen that the coils of one worm pass into the spaces between the coils of the worms which are on either side of it, and also that the spiral worms are alternately right and left handed to permit of their thus being made to interlock with one another.

G is the inlet-pipe for admitting water to from the top of the casing.

the lower part of the casing A. It is carried up nearly to the top of the casing A, so that the water within it may to some extent cool the water in the upper part of the casing.

G are holes formed through the pipe G, through which water is forced out into the lower part of the interior of the casing. H is an outlet-passage by which water can pass off The chamber 0 is also formed with an outlet-passage by which water produced by the condensation of steam in the worms D can be pumped off from it. This outlet is not shown in the drawings.

The construction of the condenser shown at Figs. 5 and 6 is similar to the one just described, except that, as before stated, it is formed with three concentric rings of interlocking spiral worms, one ring within the other. The same parts are lettered with the same letters of reference as in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, so that it is unnecessary to give any furtherdescription of it.

'in what manner the same is to be performed,

I declare that what I claim is-- v The combination of the parallel alternately right and left handed spiral worms arranged with the coils of each worm passing into spaces between the coils of the adjacent Worms and their casing, substantial y as and for the purpose. set forth.

JOHN KIRKALDY.

Witnesses: FREDK J. N AYLOR, T. J. LETTRE. 

